常染色体STR鉴定叔侄关系的应用

钱 水 12,杨荣芝1,刘伟民2,张一果2,佘延峰2,刘 超3, 黄代新1,杨庆恩 1

(1.    华中科技大学同济医学院法医系. 湖北. 武汉. 430030,

 2. 佛山市公安局刑警支队三大队. 广东. 佛山. 528000

3. 南方医科大学. 广东. 广州. 510030)

摘要目的 探讨常染色体STR遗传标记用于鉴定两个个体叔侄关系的可行性。方法29个基因座检测20对叔侄个体和20对无关个体,ITO法计算叔侄关系指数(PIHS)与叔侄关系概率(WHS,并比较两组WHS值及两个体间等位基因匹配情况的差异,对后者进行组间差异的χ2检验,并统计不同基因座数目下认定和排除叔侄关系的概率。结果 19对叔侄个体的WHS大于0.997320WHS大于0.99;无关个体WHS均小于0.99,其中2对(10%)小于0.27%。叔侄个体间等位基因全相同的基因座个数为27个,平均4.45个,无关个体04个,平均1.85;等位基因全不同的基因座个数,叔侄个体39个,平均5.40,无关个体917个,平均12.1;等位基因半相同的基因座个数,叔侄个体1520个,平均12.65,而无关个体918个不等,平均15.05。经χ2检验,叔侄和无关个体全不同的基因座数差异具有显著意义(P<0.05,全相同和半相同的基因座数差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。检测16202429个基因座,叔侄个体的认定概率分别为30%、45%、85%、95%,而无关个体的排除概率无明显差异。结论 29个常染色体STR体系可用于鉴定叔侄关系。当两个体全不同基因座数大于或等于10个时,提示为无关个体;当两个体全不同基因座数小于或等于7个时,提示为叔侄个体。

关键词】常染色体;短串联重复叔侄鉴定

Application of autosomal STR genetic markers in uncle-nephew identification/QIAN Shui, YANG Rongzhi, LIU Weiming et al./1. Department of Forensic Medicine , Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,430030;2. Three Big Brigade, Cop Branch Brigade, Foshan Public Security BureauFoshan, 528000

AbstractObjective  To discuss the probability of uncle-nephew identification by autosomal short tardem repeat (STR). Methods 20 pairs of uncle-nephew individuals and 20 pairs of unrelated individuals were genotyped by the 29 STR loci system. Paternity index of uncle-nephew individuals (PIHS) and paternity probability of uncle-nephew individuals (WHS) were calculated with the method of ITO. WHS and allelic matching of the two groups were compared, and three sorts of allelic matching in each pair were tested by chi-square test.Calculating the probability of affirming and eliminating supposed uncle-nephew relation by different number STR loci of two groups. Results WHS of 19 pairs of uncle-nephew individuals were more than 0.9973, WHS of 20 pairs of uncle-nephew individuals were more than 0.99; WHS of unrelated individuals were all less than 0.99, and that of  2 pairs (10%) were less than 0.27. The locus number of the entire-same ranged from 2 to 7, averaged 4.45 in uncle-nephew individuals, while in unrelated individuals ranged from 0 to 4 and averaged 1.85; that of the entire-different ranged from 3 to 9, averaged 5.40 in uncle-nephew individuals but ranged from 9 to 17 and averaged 12.1 in unrelated individuals; that of the half-same ranged from 15 to 20, averaged 12.65 in uncle-nephew individuals, and ranged from 9 to 18,averaged 15.5 in unrelated individuals. By chi-square test, there was significant different (P<0.05) in the entire-different and unsignificant different(P>0.05) in the entire-same and the half-same between the two groups. The probability of affirming in uncle-nephew individuals by 16 2024 and 29 STR loci was 30%、45%、85 and 95% ,respectively. The probability of eliminating in unrelated individuals was not obviously different. Conclusion It is effective to identify uncle-nephew by the 29 loci system . Testing of 29 loci system, it suggestd that the pair were unrelated individuals when the locus number of the entirely-different is not less than 10, and that the pair were uncle-nephew when the locus number of entirely-different is not more than 7.

Key words Autosome; Short tandem repeat (STR); Uncle-nephew identify

PCR-STR分型技术,尤其是高度多态性的特征,在特殊的亲缘关系鉴定中也能发挥作用,并且逐渐在各类亲缘关系鉴定中尝试和应用。对于叔侄关系鉴定,除了Y-STR能提供排除信息外,常染色体也能提供排除信息,单凭Y-STR不能确定叔侄关系。因此,检测常染色体STR基因座,根据PIW值能否确定叔侄关系是一个值得探索的问题。本文以已肯定叔侄血缘关系对象,作29个常染色体STR基因座分型,用ITO法计算叔侄亲权关系指数,探讨其中规律以指导检案。

1材料和方法

11 样本

已肯定血缘关系的叔侄40例(20对);无关个体40例(20对)作为假设叔侄对照。

12 STR基因座

   29个常染色体基因座分别是:D19S253D4S2633D14S608D12S391FGAD19S400D12S1064D16S3253D15S659D7S2846D7S3048D1S518D9S925D13S317D16S539D15S817D1S1656CSFD8S1132D9S1118D16S3391D5S2500D5S818VWAGABD10S1415D13S796D3S1358D6S1043

13 基因型判读

以本教研室制备的STR等位基因梯阶标准进行比照,进行样本基因型判读。

14 计算

    ITO法计算叔侄关系指数(PIHS[1][2],按公式W=PI/(PI+1)计算叔侄关系概率(WFS)。

15 统计分析

    参照文献[3]方法统计两组的叔侄关系指数和叔侄关系概率,分析每对个体同一基因座等位基因全不同、半相同和全相同情况,并比较两组的分布差异进行组间χ2检验。参照误诊率的概念[4][5]寻求根据全不相同基因座数预测叔侄或无关个体的界值,计算不同界值下的预测错误率。统计叔侄和无关个体在不同基因座数目下认定和排除叔侄关系的概率。

2 结 果

21 叔侄关系指数和叔侄关系概率

检测29STR基因座,20对叔侄个体的PIHS4.17~112.35×106WHS平均值为99.91%;20对无关个体的PIHS0.000919.46WHS平均值为31.71%。两组个体的WHS分布见表1

1. 叔侄个体和无关个体的WHS分布

 Table 1. Distributing of WHS in uncle-nephew individuals and unrelated individuals

   WHS(%)

叔侄个体

无关个体

例数

例数

99.95

15

75

99.73~99.95

4

20

99~99.73

1

5

95~99

1

5

80~95

2

10

50~80

4

20

5~50

6

30

1~5

3

15

1

4

20

合计

20

100

20

100

 

22 等位基因匹配情况

   每对个体同一基因座的一对等位基因,按全不同、半相同和全相同分别统计,结果见表2

 

2.  叔侄个体和无关个体等位基因匹配结果

Table 2. Allelic matching results in uncle-nephew individuals and unrelated individuals

基因座

个数

全不同

半相同

全相同

叔侄个体

无关个体

叔侄个体

无关个体

叔侄个体

无关个体

0

3

1

6

2

2

4

3

2

2

5

4

3

5

2

5

8

8

6

1

2

7

5

1

8

9

1

1

1

10

5

11

2

12

4

1

13

3

2

14

3

3

15

1

1

2

16

2

6

17

1

4

18

4

1

19

6

20

1

21

3

22

3

           χ2=38.00   P<0.05    χ2=28.14   P>0.05    χ2= 23.24  P>0.05

2. 3 不同界值下的预测错误率

由产生最小预测错误率的界值开始,计算不同界值下的错误率,直至错误率超过1℅为止(表3)。

 

   3. 不同界值下的预测错误率

Table 3. Probability of wrong forecast in different critical values

预测结果

全不同假定的界值

预测错误例数

预测错误率(%)

无关个体

9

1

5

10

叔侄个体

9

1

5

7

 

2.4   不同基因座数目的单亲排除情况

16202429个基因座对叔侄和无关个体认定和排除叔侄关系的概率分别进行统计,结果见表4

 

4. 叔侄和无关个体在不同基因座数目下认定和排除叔侄关系的概率

Table 4. Probability of affirming and eliminating supposed uncle-nephew relation by different number STR loci in uncle-nephew and unrelated individuals

基因座数目

叔侄个体认定概率(

无关个体排除叔侄概率(

16

30

0

20

45

5

24

85

15

29

95

10

 

3  讨 论

   29个基因座检测20对叔侄个体和20对无关个体,用ITO法计算PI值,结果叔侄个体WFS大于99%的占100%,平均为99.91%;无关个体WFS均小于99%,大于95%的只占5%,平均为31.71%。因此,根据本文的观察结果,如果按95%的统计学意义标准,两者可能误判;如果按99%的标准,两者则不会误判。因此,对于叔侄关系亲子鉴定的认定标准应设在大于或等于99%。